MIND READING: THINKING ERROR/THINKING DISTORTION

 

Living in a complicated world, we need a simple way of making sense of things so we can navigate our lives. One way we simplify is to take mental shortcuts, quick ways of sizing up a situation without having a lot of information. Usually, the shortcuts work pretty well, but sometimes they distort our thinking. These distorted shortcuts are what we in cognitive behavioral therapy call cognitive distortions. There are numerous cognitive distortions that we engage in all the time. One common distortion is mind reading. Mind reading is assuming what someone else is thinking without having much to go on. If we rely too much on mind reading, we can make mistakes about what others think of us, which can really wreak havoc with our mood. Mind reading often leads to depression and anxiety, especially social anxiety. Consequently, it can be helpful to learn to recognize and respond to common cognitive distortions such as mind reading.

In small doses, mind reading can actually be a useful tool. We know that certain nonverbal behaviors and verbal reactions can give us clues about what someone is thinking. For instance, when we tell someone something and their jaw drops, we automatically assume the other person is surprised. This is a kind of mind reading that’s helpful in social encounters, and not an example of a cognitive distortion. However, when used too much, or without much evidence to go on, mind reading can be problematic. Take the example of someone eating alone in a cafeteria, thinking everyone thinks she is a loser for eating alone. Or if you get to work a few minutes late, and you think everyone else is thinking about your tardiness. Engage in enough distorted mind reading, and you can feel pretty miserable after a while.

Below are a few questions and different perspectives designed to help you think through mind reading, and take on a more helpful way of thinking about difficult situations.

First, identify what exactly it is you predict the other person is thinking. Sometimes just writing down or saying the prediction out loud can help you see the holes in logic, and get you a little distance from the unhelpful thought.

What are the costs and benefits of believing this thought? Although we usually don’t think about thoughts in terms of their costs and benefits, they all have costs and benefits. With mind reading, you may think that you are protecting yourself from some bad outcome, or some kind of a surprise. These would be benefits. Costs are things like increased anxiety, more self-consciousness, and ruminating. Now compare the potential benefits to the actual costs, and ask yourself, “Would you want to buy these thoughts given their price?”

What is the evidence for and against your thoughts? When we engage in a lot of mindreading, we usually only consider evidence that confirms our predictions. Rarely do we ever pit our assumptions against evidence that steers us away from our predictions. By collecting the evidence for and against our mind reading, you can determine which side has more evidence, and more importantly, consider the quality of the evidence you have. This is a more objective approach to testing your thoughts, and can help you detect common cognitive distortions.

Imagine the thought were true. Would it mean more about you, or more about the other person? For instance, if the thought is that someone doesn’t like you because of the clothes you’re wearing, what does that mean about the other person? And do you expect everyone to like you? Is that a realistic expectation?

Can you test out the thought? What would need to happen for you to be absolutely convinced? Try it out as an experiment.